Discovery of Iranian women’s hijab

Posted on February 23, 2022

The discovery of hijab and women’s liberation began on January 8, 1963 with the order of Reza Shah Bozorg and opened a new chapter in the history of Iranian women after the greyhound attack. On January 6, at 3:30 pm, His Highness Reza Shah Pahlavi, accompanied by Her Majesty Queen Pahlavi, Her Majesty Princess Shams Pahlavi and Her Majesty Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, attended the introductory seminar without hijab. Many cultural women and other women without veils attended the ceremony, which was held in the introductory Daneshsara. His Highness Reza Shah Pahlavi, after visiting various departments of the university, awarded them with diplomas to girls who had graduated in medicine and midwifery, and said in his speech:

I am very happy to see women here who, as a result of studying and learning knowledge, have come to see their true status, to understand their rights and interests. The women of our country were not able to show their innate talent due to being excluded from society. In fact, I must say that they were not able to fulfill the duty they had towards their beloved country and to know themselves as they should and perhaps with their service and intimacy, but now, in addition to their mother’s personal right, they can enjoy other rights and benefits. Socially benefit. We must imagine that we may not take into account half of the people of the nation, or in other words, we should not have the intention that half of the working class of the country should be unemployed, void and void. So far, no statistics have been obtained on women, it seems that women are a separate society and should not be considered part of Iranian society. It is very unfortunate that women were counted only at one time, and that was when food was scarce and women were counted to prepare and provide their food. I do not want to comment on this, I do not want to mention the actions that have been taken and the progress that has been made, I do not want to make a comparison and differentiate between today and the past, but you women should Consider the day that is your day of happiness and success a great day and use the opportunity you have gained to serve your country.You, my sisters and daughters, now that you have entered the community and taken steps for the well-being of yourself and your countrymen, you must constantly strive for the progress of the homeland, what the happiness of the country and the future of the nation is in your hands, That you have to educate the next generation of this land and water. You will be able to be good teachers and train good compatriots for us.

I expect you, educated and trained women, who are aware of your rights and interests and have taken steps towards fulfilling your duties towards your country. I expect you to be happy with your current life and work to the best of your ability. And avoid extravagance and luxury spending.

Freedom of Iranian women

After the victory of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1285, equal to 1906 AD, the House of Representatives was opened in Tehran. For the first time, the Iranian people became directly involved in the country’s political affairs by electing their representatives to the National Assembly. In the first National Assembly election regulations, ^[1] women were denied the right to vote, whether to be elected or not. In the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly of Women, those who have converted from Islam, the insane, foreign nationals, thieves and murderers, beggars and beggars, and persons under the age of 20; Were recognized without the right to vote.

Proud girls of Iran on the 17th of December 1314 in the Higher University celebrated the discovery of hijab
The elders of the country participate in the official ceremony
Reza Shah Bozorg and the Crown Prince visit a primary school in Mazandaran

On February 26, 1972, His Highness Homayoun Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, one of the greatest human rights activists, within the framework of the Charter of the Six Articles of the Shah and the People’s Revolution, the first principle of which was land reform and the abolition of the landlord and peasant regime , Barzegaran Iran, seventy-five percent of Iran’s population They freed the slaves of the great feudal lords, ^[2] and made them Iranians who themselves owned the lands on which they worked. Her Majesty Homayouni also freed half of the country’s population of insane people by changing the election law, freeing Iranians to participate in determining their own destiny and that of the country for the first time in 1,400 years after the invasion. The result of the transformation of the electoral law was put to a referendum in the fifth principle of the Shah’s revolution and the people with other principles of the charter.The reform of the Iranian election law and the participation of women in elections and the equal social rights of men, both for election and for election. Women, like men, were able to participate in determining their own destiny for the first time and gain the right to vote.

Following the right to be elected to the National Assembly, the Family Protection Law was approved on April 17, 1963 . The law abolished unilateral divorce. Polygamy was difficult to do. Women were granted the right to file for divorce, and the mother was considered the guardian of the child. The child was left to the mother after the divorce or the death of the father, and not to the paternal grandfather or uncle according to Islamic law. Other reforms introduced by the fifth principle of the Shah and the people’s revolution in the election laws and the writing of laws were participation in elections and the formation of provincial and city associations, city and ten associations, the trade union system law and the establishment of education and health councils directly or indirectly. Came.

Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini called this ratification of the election law, which removed the two conditions of being a man and a Muslim, a dangerous conspiracy to harm Islam and the clergy, and said in his speech in Qom in 1341:

… The government issues an unconstitutional decree, gives women the right to vote, Muslim marriages are about to be insulted, they want to force 18-year-old noble girls into the system, boys and girls wrestle, chaste girls in the following schools The hands of men are studying, people are starving and they bring 300 thousand tomans of flowers from the Netherlands to welcome their masters, the Qur’an of Islam is in danger, Israel does not want the Qur’an in this country, the danger to Islam today is not less than the Umayyads, the people They are threatening the pulpit, Israel has taken over our agriculture and trade, the government is celebrating the disgraceful day of 17th of January, it is joining the heretical sect, the press is insulting the clerics …

The Freedom Movement, led by Mehdi Bazargan, also issued a warrant, part of which is as follows:

What new dream has the government seen for the people with this action and what is its intention? When, in spite of the explicit text of the constitution and the 56-year-old tradition of constitutionalism, it recklessly deprives the Iranian people of parliamentary elections, it is ridiculous that they want to give women the right to vote for state and provincial representatives and then the National Assembly .

These conspiracies finally led to the disgraceful day of June 6, 1942 .

After the implementation of the fifth principle of the Shah’s revolution, Iranian women and people participated in all national affairs and held positions such as ministry, embassy, Senate and National Assembly representative, university professors, judges, attorneys, mayors, corporate management and other key officials. Found. By implementing this principle of national participation in all state affairs and the rule of the people over the people, it came into the hands of the people of Iran. The Iranian people elected their representatives to cooperatives, the Tenth Council, the House of Justice, city and county associations, and arbitration councils. At a higher level, they also participated in party voting and the election of members of the National Assembly and the Senate, for which several candidates are nominated for each seat. On the other hand, Iranian women were completely free to express their views through party organizations and through the mass media.

Women go to the polls in 1341
Women march in support of the law 1342
Women vote in a girls’ high school 1341
Amend the election law

A study of the number of participants in the parliamentary elections and their ratio to the active population of Iran has shown the extent to which a sense of public participation was aroused in the people. According to election statistics, the 21st to 24th legislatures increased by 26%, 41% and 44.5%, respectively. The number of votes in the previous four rounds was 1,674,400, and in the last round of elections before 2537, it reached 5,103,683. ^[3]

In other parts of the world, women have struggled for many years to gain these rights through various movements and women’s organizations. In Iran, these rights were offered to Iranian women by the two emperors who made the Pahlavi system . Who gained lost.

17 December 2536 Her Majesty Princess Ashraf Pahlavi at 11:30 AM with Sarkar against Ms. Farideh Diba in the tomb of His Majesty General Reza Shah Kabir and with several women deputies in the ministries, women representatives in the National Assembly and the Senate and their comrades The Central Council of the Women’s Organization of Iran, as well as the heads of the populations affiliated with this organization, laid a glorious wreath at the great tomb of the man of Iranian history. ^[4]At the end of the ceremony, Ms. Mahnaz Afkhami introduced several active heads of women’s communities to His Majesty. Last night and today, on the occasion of the 17th of January, the anniversary of the discovery of the hijab, ceremonies and celebrations were held by organizations and communities related to women in the country. On this occasion, our reporters spoke with several women who were present during the movement, and you can read a memory of that day here: Ms. Senator Shaukat Malek Jahanbani, an eyewitness to the historic and unforgettable event of January 7, from that great day. He recalls: I was in a different mood that day, I could not believe how it was possible for the tents to be removed at once and for women to appear in the streets in long dresses and big hats. I did not think it was working properly until 3 o’clock in the afternoon when the royal procession of His Highness Reza Shah Kabir entered the hall of the University. I looked around in disbelief as we waited for the ceremony with a group of high school ladies and gentlemen. At three o’clock in the afternoon, His Majesty Homayoun Shahnshahi (Reza Shah Kabir), Her Majesty the Queen of Pahlavi and Her Majesty Princess Shams Pahlavi and Her Majesty Martyr Ashraf Pahlavi entered the Daneshsara compound amid the applause of the future. I remember the girls representing the universities and high schools of Tehran presented a beautiful bouquet in the presence of Her Majesty Queen Pahlavi, and then Her Majesty Homayoun Shahnshahi, Her Majesty Queen Pahlavi and Her Majesty stepped into the hall of the University. Immediately after the revelation, the late Ms. Tarbiat did not deliver a speech to His Majesty Reza Shah Kabir and Her Majesty the Pahlavi Queen of Iran.

“I am extremely pleased to see that women, as a result of their knowledge, have become aware of their situation and have realized their rights and benefits. . Rather, I must say that they could not exercise their right to their beloved country and homeland, and finally perform their services and sacrifices as they deserve, and now, in addition to the outstanding privilege of the mother they have, they can enjoy other benefits of society. We should not lose sight of the fact that half of the population of our country was not counted, that is, half of the working forces of the country were unemployed. Statistics were never taken from women as if the women were another person and belonged to another population and were not considered to be part of the Iranian population. I do not want to pretend and I do not want to be happy with what has been done and I do not want to differentiate between today and other days. But you ladies should consider this a great day and use the opportunities you have to advance the country. “You, my sisters and daughters, now that you have entered a society and left your homeland for the happiness of your homeland, know that it is your duty to work for your homeland.” … And the presence of women in society with orders with the secret of His Majesty Reza Shah Kabar began from that day that without a doubt this social transformation is one of the greatest phenomena of the glorious era of His Majesty Reza Shah Kabir, which by granting women freedom leads to family survival and proper upbringing of children Iran and as a result, the level of knowledge of the Iranian society increased, so that the wise mother was able to raise her child. From then on, my vague feeling about the historic day of the 17th of January became a sweet and glorious reality, while always remembering the Iranian woman who had to pull the crocodile even when she was riding in the carriage, the memory of the Iranian woman who He had no right to comment and his only guilt was being a woman, or an Iranian woman who had no right to comment on marriage and divorce but had to be decided by others. I remember a helpless Iranian woman who was addressed in the streets and bazaars as a idiot and a weak woman, and I remember an Iranian woman who shared her pains and knots with a patient stone, and I regret why our past mothers did not see these bright days. .

Tribute

The International Youth Chamber celebrated Women’s Liberation Day this evening at a meeting on January 6th. The meeting, which was held in the building of the Iran Chamber and was attended by the board of the International Chamber of Youth and several elders of the country, was addressed by several women members of the Chamber. The participants in this meeting then participated in a banquet on this occasion.

Return to Islam in 2537 AD

Communist women in terrorist groups and organizations were active in carrying out the Islamic Revolution under the leadership of Imam Khomeini, and even took part in demonstrations in front of men, expressing anger. The old accomplices of the Confederation of Iranian Students Abroad and Ruhollah Khomeini overthrew the constitutional government of Iran and the Persian Empire. It was clear to both the communist and Islamist groups that they could achieve their demonic goal if they collaborated with each other. Mehdi Khanbaba Tehrani, one of the founders of the Confederation of Overseas Students, said years after the imperial uprising of 2537: “Iranian students had no idea what was going on in Iranian society.” The communist students hated the Shah of Iran so much that they refused to discuss and analyze the social and political reforms carried out by the Shah of Iran. The best example is the discovery of the Iranian women’s hijab by Reza Shah Pahlavi and other social and political rights given to Iranian women, as well as the advanced family laws that Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi gave to Iranian women. It has made women dependent on the fashion and makeup industry. This policy of the Shah of Iran is part of a plan to make Iranian society like the society of capitalist countries. Thus, the confederation and Ruhollah Khomeini found a common platform, because Khomeini also called the model of Western society evil and called for the establishment of a traditional Islamic society. Wearing a headscarf by student communist women became a symbol of liberation from the dictatorship of Western fashion, and the filth and clutter and refusal of personal hygiene and not using soap, spray and cosmetics for these women became a symbol of liberation from the Western cosmetics industry.

Iranian woman in the Qajar period
Discovery of Iranian women’s hijab
Hijab discovery celebration in Lorestan

Iranian communist and Islamist women wore a “black tent” against the patterns that the two Iranian Pahlavi emperors called women’s liberation, which were imposed on them by the laws of the right to vote and to be elected, as well as the family protection law . 2537 Imperial empires take to the streets. In this way, especially ugly women pioneered the masses, the Fada’i guerrillas, and other communists and Maoists and small and large groups of the left. After the efforts of Iranian communist women in establishing the Islamic Republic of Iran, the hijab became mandatory, the family protection law was abolished , and the infamous family protection bill was repealed.It was replaced. Now in Iran, women must either wear a black chador or a cape or scarf, and they must not wear make-up in public. From the point of view of the communists and Islamists who rule Iran, the veil, the robe, the headscarf, and the unadorned was the real freedom of women. The passage of the infamous Islamic bill of the family, which allows men to have four wives, and men’s wives without the right of their husbands do not have the right to work or travel, have no right to earn money for themselves. The Islamic Republic remains in power.